Navigating a single-page application (SPA) can be challenging without a robust routing system. React Router DOM is a powerful library that facilitates seamless client-side routing in React applications. This blog post will walk you through the essential concepts and usage of React Router DOM 6.25.1 to create a dynamic and responsive web application.

Adding a Router

Setting Up the Root Component

First, let's create a Root component that will serve as the layout for our application, including a header, footer, and an outlet for rendering child components.

import React from "react";
import { Outlet } from "react-router-dom";

const Root = () => {
  return (
    <>
      <Header />
      <Outlet />
      <Footer />
    </>
  );
};

export default Root;

Creating a Browser Router

To enable client-side routing, we need to create a Browser Router and configure our routes.

import { createBrowserRouter, RouterProvider } from "react-router-dom";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import Root from './Root';
import Dashboard from './Dashboard';
import About from './About';
import User from './User'
import BigSpinner from './BigSpinner';

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    children: [
      { path: "dashboard", element: <Dashboard /> },
      { path: "about", element: <About /> },
      {path="user/:id" element={<User />},
    ],
  },
]);

ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root")).render(
  <RouterProvider router={router} fallbackElement={<BigSpinner />} />
);

Fallback Element

If you are not server-rendering your app, createBrowserRouter will initiate all matching route loaders when it mounts. During this time, you can provide a fallbackElement to indicate that the app is working.

<RouterProvider
  router={router}
  fallbackElement={<SpinnerOfDoom />}
/>

Alternative Route Creation Method

Alternatively, you can use createRoutesFromElements to define your routes.

import {
  createBrowserRouter,
  RouterProvider,
  createRoutesFromElements,
  Route,
} from "react-router-dom";
import Root from './Root';
import Dashboard from './Dashboard';
import About from './About';

const router = createBrowserRouter(
  createRoutesFromElements(
    <Route path="/" element={<Root />}>
      <Route path="dashboard" element={<Dashboard />} />
      <Route path="about" element={<About />} />
      <Route path="user/:id" element={<User />}
    </Route>
  )
);

Navigation Components

Using `<Link>`

A <Link> component allows users to navigate to another page by clicking or tapping on it. It renders an accessible <a> element with a real href.

<nav>
  <ul>
    <li><Link to="/">Home</Link></li>
    <li><Link to="/services">Services</Link></li>
    <li><Link to="/contact">Contact</Link></li>
    <li><Link to="/about">About Us</Link></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

Using `<NavLink>`

A <NavLink> is a special kind of <Link> that knows whether or not it is "active," "pending," or "transitioning."

<ul>
  <li>
    <NavLink className={({ isActive }) => (isActive ? "active" : "")} to="/">
      Home
    </NavLink>
  </li>
  <li>
    <NavLink className={({ isActive }) => (isActive ? "active" : "")} to="/services">
      Services
    </NavLink>
  </li>
  <li>
    <NavLink to="/contact">Contact</NavLink>
  </li>
  <li>
    <NavLink to="/about">About Us</NavLink>
  </li>
</ul>

Using `<Outlet>`

An <Outlet> renders the child route elements. It is used in parent route components to display nested routes.

Programmatic Navigation

Using `useNavigate`

The useNavigate hook provides a way to navigate programmatically.

import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';

function Home() {
  const navigate = useNavigate();
  const goToAbout = () => {
    navigate('/about');
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Home Page</h1>
      <button onClick={goToAbout}>Go to About</button>
    </div>
  );
}

Using `useParams`

The useParams hook returns an object of key/value pairs of the dynamic parameters from the current URL.

import { useParams } from 'react-router-dom';

function UserProfile() {
  const { userId } = useParams();

  return (
    <div>
      <h1>User Profile for User ID: {userId}</h1>
    </div>
  );
}

Nested Routes

React Router DOM supports nested routes, allowing you to define routes within other routes.

<Route path="project" element={<Projects />}>
  <Route index element={<h1>Feature Project</h1>} />
  <Route path="all" element={<h1>All Projects</h1>} />
  <Route path="feature" element={<h1>Feature Project</h1>} />
  <Route path="new" element={<h1>New Project</h1>} />
</Route>

In this example, the index route specifies the default content to render when /project is accessed.

Conclusion

React Router DOM 6.25.1 simplifies the process of client-side routing in React applications. With features like programmatic navigation, nested routes, and hooks like useNavigate and useParams, you can build dynamic and responsive web applications with ease. Whether you're developing a small app or a large-scale project, React Router DOM provides the tools you need to manage routing effectively.

Mastering Client-Side Routing with React Router DOM 6.25.1