Introduction to Cloud computing: Applications. Benefits, and Risks

Imagine having to go to Zoom headquarters each time you wanted to make a Zoom call. You have to visit Google's California headquarters to utilize Google Chrome at any time. To stream a movie on Netflix, you have to visit the company's headquarters in Scotts Valley each time you want to watch one. The effectiveness and availability of clouds during various activities is the reason we can operate programs, stream video efficiently, and explore more internet possibilities.
Prior to you wondering what kind of cloud is being discussed here, let me clarify.

The cloud that is being discussed is a vast global network of distant (Remote) servers. These servers handle and store data, execute programs, and provide internet-based content and services, such as online mail, office productivity tools, and streaming videos. By storing your files and data on the cloud, you may stop depending on servers and PCs locally. Instead, you may view your data online at any time, from any location, using any device that can connect to the internet. Cloud computing encompasses various specializations, such as cloud security analyst, cloud engineer, cloud architect, cloud administrator, and so forth.

An overview of cloud computing will be provided in this article, along with information on applications, benefits and risks.
The table of contents is as follows:
• What is meant by cloud computing?
• Types of cloud computing?
1. Public cloud
2. Private cloud
3. Hybrid cloud
• Types of cloud services
1. Infrastructure as a service (Iaas)
2. Platform as a service (Paas)
3. Serverless computing
4. Software as a service (Saas)
• Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
• Cloud computing providers
• Examples of cloud computing and use cases
• Applications of cloud computing in real life scenario
• Uses of cloud computing
• Benefits of cloud computing
• Risks of cloud computing

What is cloud computing ?
In order to provide quicker innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale, cloud computing is the transmission of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the internet, or "the cloud."
Anything that also includes providing service delivery over the internet is referred to as cloud computing.
The hardware and software elements needed to properly deploy the architecture of cloud computing are collectively referred to as the cloud infrastructure. On-demand or utility computing are additional terms for cloud computing.
The cloud symbol, which is frequently used in flowcharts and diagrams to symbolize the internet, served as the inspiration for the term "

Types of cloud computing
Some clouds are different, and only some cloud computing models are appropriate for some situations. A number of models, varieties, and services have been developed to help provide the best option for your requirements.
Before implementing your cloud services, you must choose the kind of cloud deployment or architecture that will be used. Cloud services can be deployed in three different ways: on a hybrid cloud, private cloud, or public cloud.

Private Cloud
Cloud computing capabilities that are exclusively utilized by one company or group are referred to as private clouds. A private cloud may be physically housed in the on-site data center of the business. Additionally, some businesses pay outside service providers to host their private clouds. A private cloud is one where both the services and the infrastructure are kept up to date on a private network. Common private cloud technologies and vendors include VMware and OpenStack.

Public Cloud
Third-party cloud service providers, who offer computing resources like servers and storage over the internet, own and run public clouds. One instance of a public cloud is Microsoft Azure. The cloud provider controls and oversees all of the hardware, software, and other supporting infrastructure in a public cloud. A browser for the web is used to manage your account and access these services.

Hybrid Cloud
Public and private clouds are combined in hybrid clouds, which are connected by a system that permits data and applications to be transferred between them. A hybrid cloud allows your company more deployment options and flexibility by enabling data and apps to migrate between both public and private clouds. It also helps to optimize your current infrastructure, security, and compliance

Types of Cloud services
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), serverless, and software as a service (SaaS) are the four main categories into which the majority of cloud computing services can be divided. Reaching your company objectives is made simpler by understanding what they are and how they differ from one another.

IaaS
The lowest tier of cloud computing offerings. Pay-as-you-go cloud providers rent out IT infrastructure, including servers and virtual machines (VMs), storage, networks, and operating systems, under the infrastructure as a service (IaaS) model. IaaS providers allow for instance customization and offer small, medium, big, extra-large, memory- or compute-optimized instances for different workload requirements. For commercial users, the IaaS cloud concept is most similar to a remote data center.

SaaS
Software as a service (SaaS) is the term for a method of delivering software applications over the internet, typically on an as-needed and subscription basis. Software as a Service (SaaS) allows cloud providers to host, manage, and take care of any necessary upkeep for the software program and underlying infrastructure, including security patches and software upgrades. To access the program via the internet, users often utilize a web browser on their phone, tablet, or PC.
PaaS
Cloud computing services that offer an environment for developing, testing, delivering, and managing software applications on demand are referred to as Platform as a Service, or PaaS. With PaaS, developers may more easily and quickly create web and mobile apps without having to worry about configuring or maintaining the servers, storage, networks, and databases that make up the underlying infrastructure. PaaS is used for general software development, and after the software is built, it is hosted by numerous PaaS providers. AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Google App Engine are examples of common PaaS products.

Serverless Computing
Similar to PaaS, serverless computing focuses on creating app functionality rather than continuously maintaining the servers and infrastructure required to make it happen. The cloud provider handles the setup, capacity planning, and server management. Serverless architectures are very scalable and event-driven since they only require resources when a predefined function or trigger is satisfied.

Cloud Computing service Providers
The cloud service market has no shortage of providers. The three largest public CSPs that have established themselves as dominant fixtures in the industry are the following:
• Microsoft Azure
• GCP (Google cloud Provider)
• AWS ( Amazon Web Service)
Other major CSPs include the following:
• Apple
• Citrix
• IBM
• Salesforce
• Alibaba

Examples of Cloud Computing and use cases
Because cloud computing offers so many services and functions, it has developed to meet practically all company demands. Some examples of the variety and power of cloud computing are as follows:
Zoom: Zoom is a cloud-based software platform for audio and video conferences. Users can access the sessions at any time, from any location, by capturing and storing them there. Another well-liked platform for communication and teamwork is Microsoft Teams.

Google Docs: Users get online access to Google Docs . Users are more productive because they can access spreadsheets and presentations stored in the cloud on any device, at any time, from any location.

Email, calendar, Skype, and WhatsApp: Emails, Skype, WhatsApp, calendars, and other cloud-based applications all leverage remote data access to let users examine their data at any time, from any location.

Amazon Lambda: Developers may run code for applications or back-end services without having to provision or manage servers when they use Lambda. The pay-as-you-go model is flexible enough to meet an organization's changing needs for real-time data usage and storage. Other well-known cloud providers like Google Cloud Functions and Azure Functions also enable serverless computing functionalities.

*Applications of Cloud Computing *
Hosting of the workload for production: Businesses are hosting live production workloads on public clouds. Because of this, cloud services and resources must be carefully planned and designed to create an operating environment appropriate for the workload and the required level of resilience.

Huge data analytics: Cloud storage makes it possible to create scalable, adaptable remote data centers that can produce useful information. Big data project-specific services are offered by major cloud providers like Amazon EMR and Google Cloud Dataproc.

IaaS. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) enables businesses to host IT infrastructures and obtain scalable access to network, storage, and processing capacity. Businesses can reduce their upfront IT expenditures by using pay-as-you-go subscription arrangements.

Multi clouds:. By evaluating a broad spectrum of cloud services provided by various cloud providers, users can select the best cloud service for a wide range of workloads and requirements.

Storage:. Large volumes of data can be easily accessed and stored remotely. Clients only pay for the storage that they strongly use.
Data backup. Systems for cloud backup are generally easier to use. Users don't have to worry about availability or capacity because the cloud provider takes care of data security.

Uses of cloud computing
Cloud computing is probably at work behind the scenes whenever you use an online service for email, document editing, video or TV viewing, music streaming, gaming, or storing photos and other files. For several reasons, a wide range of organizations—from small startups to large multinational enterprises, governmental bodies to non-profits—have adopted cloud computing technologies.

Here are some uses of cloud computing:

Test and create applications:
Scalable cloud infrastructures facilitate easy up scaling and downscaling, hence reducing application development time and cost.

Analyze data
Unify data in the cloud between departments, teams, and geographical locations. Next, use cloud services like artificial intelligence and machine learning to obtain insights that can help you make better decisions.

Data storage, backup, and recovery
By moving your data online to an offsite cloud storage system that is available from any place and on any device, you can protect your data at lower costs and massively.

Playing both audio and video.
Engage your audience with worldwide dissemination of high-definition video and music anytime, anywhere, on any device.

Deliver software
Alternatively referred to as software as a service (SaaS), on-demand software enables you to provide consumers with the most recent software versions and updates—wherever and whenever they need them.

Benefits of Cloud Computing
The following are six typical explanations for benefits of using cloud computing services:

Performance
The largest cloud computing services are powered by a global network of safe data centers that are updated frequently with the newest models of quick and powerful computing gear. Compared to a single corporate datacenter, this provides a number of advantages, including as increased economies of scale and decreased network latency for applications.

Reliability
Cloud computing reduces costs and facilitates data backup, disaster recovery, and business continuity by allowing data to be replicated at several redundant sites on the network of the cloud provider.

Productivity
For physical data centers, a lot of "racking and stacking"—hardware configuration, software patching, and other labor-intensive IT management tasks—is typically required. Thanks to cloud computing, many of these tasks are no longer required, giving IT professionals more time to concentrate on more important business goals.

Speed
With just a few mouse clicks, even massive amounts of processing power can be made available in a matter of minutes, as the majority of cloud computing services are self-service and on-demand. Because of this flexibility, businesses don't have to worry about capacity planning.

Global scale
The elastic scalability of cloud computing services is one of its benefits. This means, in terms of cloud terminology, that the right amount of IT resources—for example, different processing, storage, and bandwidth capacities—are made available at the right time from the right place.

Cost
Businesses that move to the cloud can save money on IT. This is because cloud computing lowers the upfront costs associated with buying hardware and software as well as the setup and upkeep of data centers that are physically located on the premises. These data centers consist of server racks, a constant electrical supply for power and cooling, and IT specialists who manage the infrastructure. It builds up rapidly.

Risks of Cloud Computing
There are numerous similarities between the security threats linked to cloud computing and traditional data center environments. Cyber threats concentrate on taking advantage of and exploiting software flaws in both situations. The possibility of data leaks and cyber attacks is another significant danger. Because public clouds store a lot of data, hackers may find them to be particularly appealing targets. To defend against these attacks, organizations need to have strong network security measures in place, update their security software frequently, and keep an eye out for any unusual activity. However, with cloud computing, a business transfers physical security concerns to another service provider rather than mitigating or absorbing them themselves.
Among the principal dangers are:

1. Loss of Data
   As a preventative measure against data loss, backups are essential, and cloud storage is thought to be extremely resilient because it has redundant servers and storage capacity spread over multiple geographical regions. Although cloud storage provides resilience and redundancy, data loss can still occur. Ransom ware attacks are a frequent reason for data loss. Sensitive information may be erased or encrypted by these malicious attempts, rendering its legitimate owner unable to access it. To defend against ransom ware attacks, organizations need to be on guard and put strong security measures in place. Additionally, cloud storage is still susceptible to natural disasters just like any other type of storage. An instance of this occurred in 2019 when a backup generator failed at one of Amazon Web Services data centers, leaving client data unrecoverable. That said, this is rare and AWS reported that less than .5 percent of systems were unrecoverable..

2. Cybercriminals
   The Federal Bureau of Investigation's 2022 Internet Crime Report shows that cybercrimes have climbed 69% year over year, suggesting that cybercriminals are on the rise. According to Security Intelligence, modern attackers find it simpler to get past security built on antiquated web and email protocols when they use cloud apps. Denial of service (DoS) assaults are a tactic used by cybercriminals to bar authorized users from accessing servers and services.

3. Compliance Issue
   In order to maintain regulatory compliance with standards unique to their business and geographic area, organizations must exercise vigilance. You must be sure that the cloud service provider is meeting your demands for data access and storage related to Personally Identifiable Information (PII) in accordance with GDPR, HIPAA security and privacy regulations, and other business-specific requirements before employing cloud-based services for your data. Furthermore, as cloud services often permit more extensive data access, businesses must ensure that the right access controls and security levels are in place.

4. Insider Threats
   Insider threats are a serious danger to cloud computing security. Although we frequently concentrate on outside hackers and cyber attacks, it's crucial to understand that people working for a business can equally unintentionally or purposely jeopardize data security. Data misuse or mismanagement is one of the primary risks linked to insider attacks. Workers who have access to private information may purposefully divulge or steal information, which could have detrimental effects on the company. Employees may also unintentionally result in a security breach by doing things like clicking on a malicious link or falling for a phishing scheme, which gives hackers access to private information.

Cloud computing is a popular option for businesses because to its scalability, affordability, and user-friendliness. However, many companies are concerned about the security risks associated with cloud computing. What is the security of cloud computing? Reputable cloud providers will have robust security mechanisms in place, such as intrusion detection systems, firewalls, and encryption, to protect data stored in the cloud. The vast majority of cloud service providers undergo regular, regular security and maintenance assessments. The level of security may also depend on the organization's internal security protocols. Having read and comprehended the Introduction to cloud computing: alongside its applications, benefits, risk. You might be interested in taking a deeper dive into cloud computing careers and how to begin your career in cloud computing.